Definition and Conceptual Framework of Commercial Determinants of Non-Communicable Diseases: A Scoping Review
Keywords:
commercial determinant of health, non-communicable disease, NCD, definition, conceptual frameworkAbstract
This study aimed to define the scope and to develop a conceptual framework for monitoring commercial determinant of non-communicable diseases (CDoNCDs). A qualitative study was performed by applying a scoping review, interviews, and focus group discussions among Thai experts and relevant stakeholders on NCDs prevention policy.
From the literature review, the definition of CDoNCDs referred to “strategies and practices used by corporations or industries related to NCDs to promote their products and choices, increase sales and profits, and generate business stability which had both direct and indirect effects on population’s health.” This CDoNCDs framework involved three components. (1) the production involving raw materials or ingredients and production process that might have effects on health (comprised 2 strategies and 6 practices). (2) the marketing and distribution including market expansion and marketing practices that aimed to promote sales and consumption among consumers (4 strategies and 10 practices). And (3) the policy interference both directly and indirectly intercepting government policy interventions (5 strategies and 16 practices).
This study provided policy recommendations that relevant government agencies, civil society, and academic should consider establishing system and network to monitor the CDoNCDs, and regularly communicating to raise awareness on CDoNCDs in the society and among policy makers at all levels, especially the policy interference by industry.
References
World Health Organization. NCD mortality and morbidity [internet]. 2019 [cited 2019 Jan 20]. Available from: https://www.who.int/gho/ncd/mortality_morbidity/en/.
World Health Organization. NCD global monitoring framework [internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2013 [cited 2018 Nov 19]. Available from: http://www.who.int/nmh/global_monitoring_framework/en/.
World Health Organization. Clean Air for Health: Geneva Action Agenda First WHO Global Conference on Air Pollution and Health – summary report [internet]. 2018 [cited 2021 May 04]. Available from: https://bit.ly/3pTMeAR.
World Health Organization. Global status report on noncommunicable diseases 2014. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014.
International Health Policy Program. NCD report: health crisis and societal crisis. Nonthaburi: International Health Policy Program; 2014.
de Lacy-Vawdon C, Livingstone C. Defining the commercial determinants of health: a systematic review. BMC Public Health 2020;20(1):1022-38.
Kickbusch I, Allen L, Franz C. The commercial determinants of health. Lancet 2016;4(12):e895-6.
Mialon M, Swinburn B, Sacks G. A proposed approach to systematically identify and monitor the corporate political activity of the food industry with respect to public health using publicly available information. Obesity Reviews 2015;16(7):519-30.
Assunta M. Global tobacco industry interference index 2019. Bangkok: Global Center for Good Governance in Tobacco Control (GGTC); 2019.
West R, Marteau T. Commentary on Casswell (2013): the commercial determinants of health. Addiction 2013;108(4):686-7.
Kosinska M, Ostlin P. Building systematic approaches to intersectoral action in the WHO European region. Public Health Panorama 2016;2(2):124-9.
Mialon M. An overview of the commercial determinants of health. Globalization and Health 2020;16(1):74-81.
Freeman B, Sindall C. Countering the commercial determinants of health: strategic challenges for public health. Public Health Res Pract 2019;29(3):e2931917.
Lacy-Nichols J, Marten R. Power and the commercial determinants of health: ideas for a research agenda. BMJ Global Health 2021;6(2):e003850.
Chavez-Ugalde Y, Jago R, Toumpakari Z, Egan M, Cummins S, White M, et al. Conceptualizing the commercial determinants of dietary behaviors associated with obesity: a systematic review using principles from critical interpretative synthesis. Obes Sci Pract 2021;7(4):473-86.
World Health Organization. Commercial determinants of health [internet]. World Health Organization; 2021 [cited 2022 Aug 24]. [Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/commercial-determinants-of-health.
Baum FE, Sanders DM, Fisher M, Anaf J, Freudenberg N, Friel S, et al. Assessing the health impact of transnational corporations: its importance and a framework. Globalization and Health 2016;12(27):27-34.
Lima JM, Galea S. Corporate practices and health: a framework and mechanisms. Globalization and Health 2018;14(21):21-33.
Kickbusch I. Addressing the interface of the political and commercial determinants of health. Health Promotion International 2012;27(4):427-8.
Knai C, Petticrew M, Mays N, Capewell S, Cassidy R, Cummins S, et al. Systems thinking as a framework for analyzing commercial determinants of health. Wiley Connection 2018;96(3):472-98.
McKee M, Stuckler D. Revisiting the corporate and commercial determinants of health. Am J Public Health 2018;108(9):1167–70.
Casswell S. Addressing NCDs: penetration of the producers of hazardous products into global health environment requires a strong response: comment on “Addressing NCDs: challenges from industry market promotion and interferences”. Int J Health Policy Manag 2019;8(10):607-9.
Institute of Alcohol Studies. The alcohol industry: an overview [internet]. 2020 [cited 2022 Jul 8]. Available from: https://www.ias.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/The-alcohol-industry-%E2%80%93-An-overview.pdf.
Southeast Asia Tobacco Control Alliance. SEATCA Tobacco advertising, promotion sponsorship index: implementation of Article 13 of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in ASEAN Countries, 2019. Bangkok: Southeast Asia Tobacco Control Alliance; 2019.
Jernigan D, Ross CS. The alcohol marketing landscape: alcohol industry size, structure, strategies, and public health responses. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, Supplement 2020;19(19):13-25.
Collin J, Hill SE, Eltanani MK, Plotnikova E, Ralston R, Smith KE. Can public health reconcile profits and pandemics? An analysis of attitudes to commercial sector engagement in health policy and research. PLoS ONE 2017;12(9):e0182612.
Karim SA, Kruger P, Hofman K. Industry strategies in the parliamentary process of adopting a sugar-sweetened beverage tax in South Africa: a systematic mapping. Globalization and Health 2020;16(1):116-30.
Ireland R, Bunn C, Reith G, Philpott M, Capewell S, Boylande E, Chambers S. Commercial determinants of health and sport sponsorship. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 2019;97(4):290-5.
Buse K, Tanaka S, Hawkes S. Healthy people and healthy profits? Elaborating a conceptual framework for governing the commercial determinants of non-communicable diseases and identifying options for reducing risk exposure. Globalization and Health 2017;13(1):34-46.
Capewell S, Lloyd-Williams F. The role of the food industry in health: lessons from tobacco. British Medical Bulletin 2018;125(1):131-43.
Mialon M, Charry DAG, Cediel G, Crosbie E, Scagliusi FB, Tamayo EMP. “The architecture of the state was transformed in favour of the interests of companies”: corporate political activity of the food industry in Colombia. Globalization and Health 2020;16(1):97-113.
Hoe C, Taber N, Champagne S, Bachani AM. Drink, but don’t drive? The alcohol industry’s involvement in global road safety. Health Policy and Planning 2020;35(10):1328-38.
McCambridge J, Mialon M, Hawkins B. Alcohol industry involvement in policymaking: a systematic review. Addiction 2018;113(9):1571-84.
Mialon M, McCambridge J. Alcohol industry corporate social responsibility initiatives and harmful drinking: a systematic review. European Journal of Public Health 2018;28(4):664-73.
Plipat T, Hinjoy S, Ungchusak K, Suangtho P, Wongkumma A. Surveillance system for 5 groups of diseases in 5 dimensions. Nonthaburi: Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health; 2014. (in Thai)
Gilmore AB, Fabbri A, Baum F, Bertscher A, Bondy K, Chang H-J, et al. Defining and conceptualising the commercial determinants of health. Lancet 2023;401(10383):1194-213.
Kotler P. Marketing Management: Analysis, Planning and Control. United States: Prentice-Hall; 1984.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Health Systems Research
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Journal of Health Systems Research is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) license, unless otherwise stated.
