Journal of Raj Pracha Samasai Institute

The development of surgical safety checklist for surgical patient in Raj Pracha Samasai Institute

Aempavee Thitisophonsak — 2025-08-20

Patient safety is the core of surgical services at all levels of healthcare facilities, as surgery carries inherent risks and potential complications. These include the risk of excessive bleeding, risks associated with anesthesia, the risk of blood clot - Deep Vein thrombosis, and medical complications influenced by the patient's age and pre-existing conditions. Patients with underlying diseases such as heart disease, hypertension, and diabetes are particularly susceptible to these complications. The purpose of this research was to develop A surgical safety checklist for surgical patients At Raj Pracha Samasai Institute (RPSI). The research design employed an action research method consisting of four phases. Phase 1: Understanding the potential problems and identifying alternative to prevent and solve issues in surgery. Phase 2: Drafting a model for checking items to ensure safety, called “AEMPAVEE MODEL”. Phase 3: Implementing the draft surgical safety checklist model. Phase 4: Evaluating the effectiveness of The model.
The target population this study included health care providers (ophthalmologists, surgeons, anesthetists, and operating room professional nurse) as well as surgical patients, totaling 26 Participants.
The research was conducted in the surgical operating room of RPSI. The research tools included In-depth interview questionnaire, non-participant observation questionnaire, satisfaction and acceptance evaluation forms, competency verification form nursing procedures guideline base and the model and data collection forms. All data collected during February - July 2024. The result of the study were as follows. (1) In this research the author studied and developed the AEMPAVEE MODEL to be used as a model for surgical safety checking items, For patients who underwent surgery at RPSI. (2) After approximately four months of using the AEMPAVEE MODEL, It was found that the surgical safety checklist effectively reduced surgical risks and prevented adverse events. There were no cases of surgery performed on the wrong person, wrong side, wrong position, or wrong prosthesis. Most notably, no infections were found in the clean surgical wound, and no misidentification of surgical location occured. In addition, analysis of data review that the total target population was highly satisfied, with the high average score of 4.88 (Mean = 4.88 SD =.32) Acceptance of the AEMPAVEE MODEL achieving an average score of 4.88 (Mean = 4.88 SD =.32) which is considered high. The research results mentioned above, recommended that AEMPAVEE MODEL should be considered for implementation in all surgical units of the Raj Pracha Samasai Institute (RPSI). As it effectively reduce surgical risks and prevent the occurrence of adverse incidents.

Factors Associated with The Ventilator-associated Pneumonia in Intensive Care Unit

Wimonwan Runkerd — 2025-08-20

This retrospective descriptive study aims to investigate the factors associated with the occurrence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) among patients who required mechanical ventilation. A total of 338 medical records were purposively selected based on specific inclusion criteria. Data were collected using a data recording form developed by the researcher, with its quality verified through content validity and pilot study with patient records. Data analysis included descriptive statistics such as percentage and chi-square tests for association analysis. The study revealed that the incidence of VAP in patients on mechanical ventilation was 20.28%. Seven factors were found to be significantly associated with the occurrence of VAP (p-value <.05), including sepsis, smoking history, history of Clindamycin use, history of re-intubation, duration of mechanical ventilation, length of stay in the intensive care unit (ICU), and length of hospital stay. Therefore, it is recommended to strengthen surveillance and adherence to strict clinical guidelines for the prevention of VAP. This includes continuous monitoring, supervision, and maintaining an infection-preventive environment to reduce the risk of VAP in mechanically ventilated patients.

A study of the leprosy surveillance system in Report D506 using the leprosy case reporting system of the Rajpracha Samasai Institute as the reference database between January 1 and October 8, 2023

Shutiwan Ponladech — 2025-08-20

Leprosy is a communicable disease that must be monitored under the Communicable Diseases Act B.E. 2558. Therefore, a system for continuous monitoring, verification, and data collection is essential. Currently, the leprosy surveillance system continuously monitors data in the Leprosy Database of the Rajpracha Samasai Institute (LEP database). Additionally, new leprosy cases are reported in the D506 reporting system of the Epidemiology Division. However, leprosy reporting in the D506 reporting system is not widely utilized. This study was conducted to describe Thailand's leprosy surveillance system in 2023 and to assess the quantitative characteristics of the leprosy surveillance system in the D506 reporting system from January 1, 2023 to October 8 , 2023 using the LEP database as a reference. The results revealed that the leprosy reporting system, the LEP database, and the D506 reporting system have different objectives and reporting variables. The D506 reporting system records data from suspected patients to detect outbreaks, whereas the LEP database reports confirmed cases and includes leprosy-specific variables such as disability level. Leprosy reporting in the D506 reporting system remains underreported. Its sensitivity of 30% affects the representativeness of the data, failing to reflect the characteristics of new leprosy cases when compared with the LEP database. However, the positive predictive value was high at 93.8%. Despite this, delays in reporting new cases persist. Therefore, efforts should be made to improve leprosy reporting in the D506 reporting system and to develop a comprehensive surveillance database. This database should integrate verified reports of new cases from the D506 reporting system and leprosy-specific information, including close contact details from the LEP database. Such integration would result in a timely, accurate, and complete surveillance system for leprosy cases, supporting continuous disease control, enhancing system efficiency, and ultimately contributing to eliminating leprosy in Thailand.

Microplastics Contamination in an Environment and its Effects on Human Health

Natt Kritchanarat — 2025-08-20

Microplastic contamination has emerged as a significant global issue, with widespread presence across marine, freshwater, terrestrial, and atmospheric environments. This review synthesizes current research on sources, environmental distribution, and potential health risks of microplastics, with a particular focus on studies conducted in Thailand. Microplastics originate from both primary products and degradation of larger plastic waste, which can contain toxic chemicals and accumulate in food chains, posing risks to ecosystems and human health. In Thailand, high concentration of the microplastic contamination has been detected in water bodies, sediments, and seafood, fibers being the most common form. Human exposure generally occurs via ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact, and although long-term health impacts remain under investigation, preliminary evidence suggests risks such as hormonal disruption, oxidative stress, and systemic inflammation. To mitigate/ solve the problem, there is a requirement in coordinating in elements of research, policies, and public awareness.

Geographical Distribution and Seasonal Patterns of Nipah Virus Disease Outbreaks

Phuwit Chalodhorn — 2025-08-20

Nipah virus is a major public health concern, recognized by the World Health Organization as one of the most dangerous emerging viruses due to its ability to cause severe respiratory illness and encephalitis, with a high mortality rate. Its outbreaks have far-reaching consequences beyond health, affecting healthcare systems, economies, and causing widespread public anxiety. Climate change and urban expansion have increased human contact with wildlife, highlighting the importance of understanding the Nipah virus for outbreak prevention. Although the virus has not re-emerged in Malaysia, Singapore, and the Philippines, it continues to cause outbreaks in Bangladesh and India often linked to
the bat breeding season and harvest periods. Since the first outbreak, India has reported nine outbreaks, while Bangladesh experiences nearly annual occurrences, often showing seasonal patterns and geographic specificity. Understanding the geographical distribution and seasonal trends of Nipah virus outbreaks is essential for identifying cross-species transmission patterns and supporting effective public health strategies.

A Systematic Review of Local and Global innovations for Mitigation of PM2.5 in Thailand

Tawin Chinnawuth — 2025-08-20

PM2.5 pollution has created problems of environmental and public health, including in urban and agricultural regions of Thailand. This study presents a systematic review exploring the major sources of PM2.5, its impact on human health, as well as innovations and policies. The primary sources of PM2.5 include traffic emissions, biomass burning, and industrial activities, with secondary aerosols contributing significantly to transboundary pollution. The review evaluated the effectiveness of various air purification technologies, predictive models using AI and wireless sensor networks. Despite promising technological developments, widespread implementation faces challenges such as high costs, energy demands, and limited public awareness. Strengthening policy enforcement, promoting low-cost sustainable innovations, and enhancing real-time air quality communication are essential. This review recommends that researchers, policymakers, and community workers collaborate to develop effective strategies to mitigate PM2.5 pollution and protect health of population.