A Retrospective Analytical Study of EGFR Mutations and Associated Factors in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer at Maharaj Nakhon Si Thammarat Hospital
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Abstract
Non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. The discovery of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations has revolutionized lung cancer management through precision medicine, significantly improving patient survival and quality of life. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of EGFR mutations among NSCLC patients at Maharaj Nakhon Si Thammarat Hospital and to identify associated clinical factors. A retrospective analysis was conducted in 359 NSCLC patients who underwent EGFR mutation testing using the Idylla system between 2022 and 2024. Associations between EGFR mutation status and demographic or pathological variables (age, gender, histologic subtype, and specimen type) were analyzed using the chi-square test, t-test, and binary logistic regression.
Results showed that 132 patients (36.77%) harbored EGFR mutations. The most frequent mutation subtypes were exon 19 deletions (55.30%) and L858R point mutations (30.30%). Adenocarcinoma was strongly associated with EGFR mutation positivity compared with squamous cell carcinoma (p < 0.001), while no significant association was observed for age or specimen type. The prevalence of EGFR mutations in this Thai cohort was consistent with findings from other Asian populations, indicating a relatively high mutation frequency.
These findings underscore the importance of routine EGFR mutation screening in all NSCLC patients to optimize targeted therapy with EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs), which offer superior efficacy and fewer adverse effects compared to conventional chemotherapy.
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