Effects of a Self-Care Behavior Modification Program Using Motivational Interviewing on Knowledge, Perception, and Self-Care Behaviors among Patients with Dyslipidemia at Bang Kung Health Promoting Hospital, Surat Thani Province.

Abstract

The one-group pretest-posttest design to examine the effects of a self-care behavior modification program using motivational interviewing on knowledge, perception, and self-care behaviors among individuals with dyslipidemia was a preliminary experimental study. The objective was to assess the effects of the program among people aged
45 – 70 years who received health check-ups at Bang Kung Subdistrict Health Promoting Hospital, Surat Thani Province, between January and May 2024. A total of 53 participants were selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected using questionnaires on personal and health information, dietary behaviors, exercise behaviors, and mental health care. The research instruments were validated for content validity by three experts and had a reliability coefficient, as measured by Cronbach’s alpha, of 0.84. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and paired samples t-test and analytical statistics.

The results showed that the overall mean score for healthy dietary behaviors increased after participation in the program, from 3.69 before the intervention to 4.05 after the intervention. The mean score for exercise behaviors and mental health care also increased from 3.60 to 4.13. Comparative analysis of blood lipid levels showed that the mean blood lipid level decreased significantly after the intervention (p-value < 0.01). Before participating in the program, 20.75% of the participants had high blood lipid levels (160 – 189 mg/dL). After the program, the proportion of participants with high blood lipid levels decreased to 7.55%.

These findings indicate that motivational interviewing is a two-way communication approach that can promote effective communication, engage the target group, and encourage self-care. It can help address health problems by supporting behavior modification and reducing risk factors. Therefore, motivational interviewing may be an effective approach for health maintenance, illness prevention, and the promotion of appropriate knowledge and practices that contribute to long-term health and well-being among individuals and their families.