การทบทวนอย่างเป็นระบบของนวัตกรรมระดับท้องถิ่นและระดับโลก เพื่อบรรเทาปัญหา PM2.5 ในประเทศไทย

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ธาวิน ชินวุฒิ

บทคัดย่อ

มลพิษ PM2.5 ได้กลายเป็นปัญหาสิ่งแวดล้อมและสาธารณสุขที่สำคัญ โดยเฉพาะในพื้นที่เมืองและเขตเกษตรกรรมของประเทศไทย การทบทวนวรรณกรรมเชิงระบบนี้ได้สำรวจแหล่งกำเนิดหลักของฝุ่น PM2.5 ผลกระทบต่อสุขภาพและนวัตกรรมล่าสุด รวมถึงนโยบายแหล่งกำเนิดหลักของฝุ่น PM2.5 ที่พบจากการศึกษานี้ คือ การปล่อยมลพิษจากยานพาหนะ การเผาชีวมวล และกิจกรรมอุตสาหกรรม โดยฝุ่นละอองทุติยภูมิยังมีบทบาทสำคัญต่อมลพิษข้ามพรมแดน งานวิจัยนี้ยังประเมินประสิทธิภาพของเทคโนโลยีการกรองอากาศหลายประเภท เช่น แผ่นกรอง HEPA เมมเบรนนาโนไฟเบอร์ และแผ่นกรองแบบ Electrospun รวมถึงแบบจำลองการพยากรณ์โดยใช้ปัญญาประดิษฐ์ (AI) และเครือข่ายเซนเซอร์ไร้สาย แม้จะมีพัฒนาการด้านเทคโนโลยี
ที่มากขึ้นแต่ยังไม่ได้นำไปใช้มาก เนื่องจากต้นทุนสูงความต้องการการใช้พลังงานและการเผยแพร่สู่สาธารณชนน้อย การบังคับใช้นโยบายเข้มงวด การส่งเสริมนวัตกรรมยังไม่ยั่งยืนและมีต้นทุนต่ำ ขาดการสื่อสารข้อมูลคุณภาพอากาศที่เป็นปัจจุบันและขาดประสิทธิภาพ การศึกษานี้จึงทำเพื่อเสนอข้อมูลสำหรับนักวิจัย ผู้กำหนดนโยบายและผู้สนใจ เพื่อพัฒนากลยุทธ์ที่มีประสิทธิภาพในการลดมลพิษทางอากาศและปกป้องสุขภาพประชาชน

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รูปแบบการอ้างอิง
1.
ชินวุฒิ ธ. การทบทวนอย่างเป็นระบบของนวัตกรรมระดับท้องถิ่นและระดับโลก เพื่อบรรเทาปัญหา PM2.5 ในประเทศไทย. J Raj Pracha Samasai Institute [อินเทอร์เน็ต]. 20 สิงหาคม 2025 [อ้างถึง 23 สิงหาคม 2025];9(2):39-51. available at: https://he04.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/rpsi/article/view/3046
ประเภทบทความ
บทความฟื้นวิชา (Review Article)

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