Development of Nursing Models for Critically Injured Patients (Trauma Triage Level 1) in the Emergency Department, Na Chueak Hospital, Maha Sarakham Province

Abstract

This action research aimed to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of a nursing  model for critically injured patients (Trauma Triage Level 1) in the Emergency Department of Na Chueak Hospital, Maha Sarakham Province. The sample consisted of 10 registered nurses and 30 critically injured patients, selected through purposive sampling. The study was conducted in three phases: preparation, model development, and evaluation. The instruments used were validated by four experts with a content validity index (CVI) of 0.95 and an inter-rater reliability of 0.89. Data were collected from October 2024 to September 2025 and analyzed using descriptive statistics.

Results: Showed that the majority of nurses were female 90%, with an average age of 27.80 years and 1–3 years of work experience 40%. Most had completed ACLS training 90%. The majority of patients were male 60% and fell into the age groups 0–15 years, 31–45 years, and over 60 years 23.30% each. The most common causes of injury were traffic accidents 83.33%, with the primary diagnoses being multiple trauma 46.70% and traumatic brain injury 33.30%. The developed nursing model consisted of 11 components and was rated at a very good level of performance 90.00%. The assessment tool was used correctly, efficiently, and accurately 100%. Satisfaction with the model was also rated at a very high level 100%. The mortality rate decreased to 10% below the standard threshold of 12%, and 100% of patients were referred within 1 hour, indicating the model’s effectiveness.

Conclusion: The developed of nursing model enhanced the effectiveness of assessment and care for critically injured patients and contributed to a significant reduction in mortality.