Incidence and Factors Related to Respiratory Distress of Newborn in Secondary Care Hospital
Keywords:
Respiratory distressr, Transient tachypnea of the newborn, newborn, risk factorAbstract
Background: Respiratory distress (RD) is a common problem in newborns, including in term and preterm newborn infants. There are many factors that can increase risk of RD; therefore identification of the risks, early recognition and proper management are crucial.
Objective: to determine incidence and factors related to respiratory distress of newborns. Study design: Case-Control Study.
Methods & Materials: This study was carried out during January 2017 and December 2021 in Phonthong Hospital that provides secondary care in the area. 483 records of newborn infants were categorized as case (newborns with respiratory distress) and control (normal newborns). Data were analyzed in descriptive and analytical statistics including Chi-square, logistic regression analysis, odds ratio and 95% CI.
Result: In total, 5,850 live born babies were delivered at this hospital over the period of 5 years. The overall incidence of RD was 2.75% (161 cases) and 49.7% (80 cases) were early term while 18% (29 cases) were preterm neonates. Transient tachypnea of the newborns (TTN) was found to be the most common cause of RD (87.6%). The significant factors that increase risk of RD were male neonates (Adjusted OR 1.87; 95%CI 1.17,2.97), gestational and pre-gestational diabetes mellitus mothers (Adjusted OR 2.24; 95%CI 1.01,4.97), cesarean section delivery (Adjusted OR 1.87; 95%CI 1.13,3.11), vacuum extraction and breech assisted delivery (Adjusted OR 12.99; 95%CI 4.55,37.07), preterm babies (Adjusted OR 8.32; 95%CI 3.08,22.47), large for gestation age (Adjusted OR 7.48; 95%CI 2.23,25.17), babies with low Apgar scores (p-value <0.001) and neonatal length of stay more than 3 days (Adjusted OR 5.98; 95%CI 3.15,11.34).
Conclusion: There are many factors related to RD of newborns. Therefore, close monitoring in high risk infants is significant. To reduce risk and morbidity, optimal antenatal care (ANC) and childbirth care for pregnant women are the key point to achieve this goal.
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