Neonatal outcomes among pregnant women with COVID-19 in Udonthani Hospital
Keywords:
Neonatal outcome, maternal COVID 19, SARS-CoV-2, risk factor of neonatal oxygen therapyAbstract
Background: COVID-19 is a pandemic disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection. There were limited data of the clinical outcomes of neonates who were born to the infected pregnant women and their risks for oxygen therapy.
Objective: To study the neonatal outcomes among pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 infection and the neonatal risks for oxygen therapy.
Method: This study was a retrospective study. Chart review of the pregnant women who was diagnosed with COVID-19 and their babies was conducted in Udonthani Hospital between January 2021 and July 2022. Statistical data were analyzed by STATA (version 15).
Result: There were 98 neonates (a couple of twins) born to 97 mothers with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Of them, there were 53.8% male, 68.4% caesarean delivery, 22.5% preterm, 20.4% low birth weight. Of them, they had respiratory distress 39.8%, neonatal jaundice 40.8%, fetal distress 22.5%, early onset sepsis 13.3%, hypoglycemia 5.1%, anemia 4.08 %, feeding intolerance 4.08%, early neonatal death 1.02 % and late neonatal death 1.02%. The PCR for SARS-CoV-2 of all infants were not detected. The neonates with respiratory distress were preterm 43.6% and developed hypoxia at birth 97.4%. The oxygen therapy was applied to these neonates via oxygen cannula 51.3%, endotracheal tube 20.5%, nasal CPAP 15.4% and HHHFNC 12.8%. The important causes of respiratory distress included TTNB 38.5%, early onset sepsis 30.8% and respiratory distress syndrome 28.2%. The risk factor of preterm increased the need of oxygen therapy in these neonates (OR 6.6, 95% CI 2.1-20.5, p value 0.001).
Conclusion: Neonates born to SARS-CoV-2 infected mothers developed respiratory distress 39.8%. However, the PCR for COVID-19 from all of them were not detected. Preterm increased the risk of oxygen therapy in these neonates by 6.6-fold.
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