ER Thoracotomy

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Biffl WL, Moore EE, Harken AH. Emergency department thoracotomy. In: Mattox KL, Feliciano DV, Moore EE, editors.Trauma. 4th ed., New York: McGraw-Hill; 2000. p.245-59

Kevin L. Crumpton KL, Shockley LW. EMR texbook-emergency department thoracotomy [online]. 2002 [cited 2003 Sep 5]. Available from : URL:http://www.thrombosis-consult.com/articles/ Textbook/127_thoracotomy.htm

Working Group, Ad Hoc Subcommittee on Outcomes, American College of Surgeons. Committee on Trauma. Practice management guidelines for emergency department thoracotomy. working Group , AD Hoc Subcommittee on Outcomes, American College of Surgeons-Committee on Trauma. J Am Coll Surg 2001; 193: 303-9.