Infective Endocarditis

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Horstkotte D, Follath F, Gutschik E, Lengyel M, Oto A, Pavie A, et al. Guidelines on prevention, diagnosis and treatment of infective endocarditis executive summary; the task force on infective endocarditis of the European society of cardiology. Eur Heart J. 2004; 25(3): 267-76.

Kouchoukos NT, Blackstone EH, L. Hanley FL, Kirklin JK. Infective Endocarditis. In: Nicholas T. Kouchoukos, Eugene H. Blackstone Frank L. Hanley, James K. Kirklin, editors. Kirklin / Barratt Boyes Cardiac Surgery. 4th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders; 2013. P. 672-97.

Mylonakis E, Calderwood SB. Infective endocarditis in adults. N Engl J Med. 2001; 345(18): 1318-30.

Bashore TM, Cavell C, Fowber V Jr. Update on infective endocarditis. Curr Probl Cardiol 2006; 31: 274-352.

McKinsey DS, Ratts TE, Bisno AL. Underlying cardiac lesions in adults with infective endocarditis: the changing spectrum. Am J Med 1987;82:681.

Hasbun R, Vikram HR, Barakat LA, Buenconsejo J, Quagliarello VJ.Complicated left-sided native valve endocarditis in adults: risk classification for mortality. JAMA. 2003; 289(15): 1933-40.

Russell HM, Johnson SL, Wurlitzer KC, Backer CL. Outcomes of surgical therapy for infective endocarditis in a pediatric population: a 21-year review. Ann Thorac Surg. 2013; 96(1): 171-4: discussion 4-5.

Akowuah EF, Davies W, Oliver S, Stephens J, Riaz I, Zadik P, et al. Prosthetic valve endocarditis: early and late outcome following medical or surgical treatment. Heart. 2003; 89(3): 269-72.

Mahesh B, Angelini G, Caputo M, Jin XY, Bryan A. Prosthetic valve endocarditis. Ann Thorac Surg 2005; 80:1151-8.

Blackstone EH, Kirklin JW. Death and other time related events after valve replacement. Circulation 1985; 72: 753.

Ivert TS, Dismukes WE, Cobbs CG, Blackstone EH, Kirklin JW, Bergdahl LA. Prosthetic valve endocarditis. Circulation 1984; 69: 223.

Hoen B, Alla F, Selton-Suty C, Beguinot I, Bouvet A, Briancon S, et al. Changing profile of infective endocar-ditis: results of a 1-year survey in France. JAMA. 2002; 288(1): 75-81.

Renzulli A, Carozza A, Marra C, Romano GP, Ismeno G, De Feo M, et al. Are blood and valve cultures predictive for long-term outcome following surgery for infective endocarditis? Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2000; 17(3): 228-33.

Wallace SM, Walton BI, Kharbanda RK, Hardy R, Wilson AP, Swanton RH. Mortality from infective endo-carditis: clinical predictors of outcome. Heart. 2002; 88(1): 53-60.

Prendergast BD, Tornos P. Surgery for infective endocarditis: who and when? Circulation. 2010; 121(9): 1141-52.

Vilacosta I, Graupner C, San Roman JA, Sarria C, Ronderos R, Fernandez C, et al. Risk of embolization after institution of antibiotic therapy for infective endocarditis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2002; 39(9): 1489-95.

Eishi K, Kawazoe K, Kuriyama Y, Kitoh Y, Kawashima Y, Omae T. Surgical management of infective endocar-ditis associated with cerebral complications. Multi-center retrospective study in Japan. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1995; 110(6): 1745-55.

Matsushita K, Kuriyama Y, Sawada T, Yamaguchi T, Nagata S, Kawazoe K, et al. Hemorrhagic and ischemic cerebrovascular complications of active infective endocarditis of native valve. Eur Neurol. 1993; 33(3): 267-74.

Gillinov AM, Shah RV, Curtis WE, Stuart RS, Cameron DE, Baumgartner WA, et al. Valve replacement in pa-ients with endocarditis and acute neurologic deficit. Ann Thorac Surg. 1996; 61(4): 1125-9; discussion 30.

Funakoshi S, Kaji S, Yamamuro A, Tani T, Kinoshita M, Okada Y, et al. Impact of early surgery in the active phase on long-term outcomes in left-sided native valve infective endocarditis. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2011;142(4): 836-42 e1.

Moon MR, Miller DC, Moore KA, Oyer PE, Mitchell RS, Robbins RC, et al. Treatment of endocarditis with valve replacement: the question of tissue versus mechanical prosthesis. Ann Thorac Surg. 2001; 71(4): 1164-71.

Okonta KE, Adamu YB. What size of vegetation is an indication for surgery in endocarditis? Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 2012; 15(6): 1052-6.

Chu VH, Cabell CH, Benjamin DK, Jr., Kuniholm EF, Fowler VG, Jr., Engemann J, et al. Early predictors of in- hospital death in infective endocarditis. Circulation. 2004; 109(14): 1745-9.

Parrino PE, Kron IL, Ross SD, Shockey KS, Kron AM, Towler MA, et al. Does a focal neurologic deficit contrain-dicate operation in a patient with endocarditis? Ann Thorac Surg. 1999; 67(1): 59-64.

Byrne JG, Rezai K, Sanchez JA, Bernstein RA, Okum E, Leacche M, et al. Surgical management of endocarditis: the society of thoracic surgeons clinical practice guideline. Ann Thorac Surg. 2011; 91(6): 2012-9.

Delahaye F. Is early surgery beneficial in infective endocarditis? A systematic review. Arch Cardiovasc Dis. 2011; 104(1): 35-44.

Mourvillier B, Trouillet JL, Timsit JF, Baudot J, Chastre J, Regnier B, et al. Infective endocarditis in the intensive care unit: clinical spectrum and prognostic factors in 228 consecutive patients. Intensive Care Med. 2004; 30(11): 2046-52.

Bishara J, Leibovici L, Gartman-Israel D, Sagie A, Kazakov A, Miroshnik E, et al. Long-term outcome of infective endocarditis: the impact of early surgical intervention. Clin Infect Dis. 2001; 33(10): 1636-43.

Habib G, Avierinos JF, Thuny F. Aortic valve endocarditis: is there an optimal surgical timing? Curr Opin Cardiol. 2007; 22(2): 77-83.

Revilla A, Lopez J, Vilacosta I, Villacorta E, Rollan MJ, Echevarria JR, et al. Clinical and prognostic profile of patients with infective endocarditis who need urgent surgery. Eur Heart J. 2007; 28(1): 65-71.

David TE, Gavra G, Feindel CM, Regesta T, Armstrong S, Maganti MD. Surgical treatment of active infective endocarditis: a continued challenge. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2007; 133(1): 144-9.

Aksoy O, Sexton DJ, Wang A, Pappas PA, Kourany W, Chu V, et al. Early surgery in patients with infective endocarditis: a propensity score analysis. Clin Infect Dis. 2007; 44(3): 364-72.

Vikram HR, Buenconsejo J, Hasbun R, Quagliarello VJ. Impact of valve surgery on 6-month mortality in adults with complicated, left-sided native valve endocarditis: a propensity analysis. JAMA. 2003; 290(24): 3207-14.

Durack DT, Lukes AS, Bright DK. New criteria for diagnosis of infective endocarditis: utilization of specific echocardiographic findings. Duke Endocarditis Service. Am J Med. 1994; 96(3): 200-9.

San Roman JA, Lopez J, Vilacosta I, Luaces M, Sarria C, Revilla A, et al. Prognostic stratification of patients with left-sided endocarditis determined at admission. Am J Med. 2007; 120(4): 369 e1-7.

Delahaye F, C้lard M, Roth O, de Gevigney G. Indications and optimal timing for surgery in infective endocarditis. Heart. 2004; 90(6): 618-20.

Head SJ, Mokhles MM, Osnabrugge RL, Bogers AJ, Kappetein AP. Surgery in current therapy for infective endocarditis. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2011; 7: 255-63.

Attaran S, Chukwuemeka A, Punjabi PP, Anderson J. Do all patients with prosthetic valve endocarditis need surgery? Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 2012;15(6): 1057-61.

Hill EE, Herregods MC, Vanderschueren S, Claus P, Peetermans WE, Herijgers P. Outcome of patients requiring valve surgery during active infective endocarditis. Ann Thorac Surg. 2008; 85(5): 1564-9.

Thuny F, Beurtheret S, Mancini J, Gariboldi V, Casalta JP, Riberi A, et al. The timing of surgery influences morta-lity and morbidity in adults with severe complicated infective endocarditis: a propensity analysis. Eur Heart J. 2011; 32(16): 2027-33.

Tleyjeh IM, Steckelberg JM, Georgescu G, Ghomrawi HM, Hoskin TL, Enders FB, et al. The association between the timing of valve surgery and 6-month mortality in left-sided infective endocarditis. Heart. 2008; 94(7): 892-6.

Iung B, Rousseau-Paziaud J, Cormier B, Garbarz E, Fondard O, Brochet E, et al. Contemporary results of mitral valve repair for infective endocarditis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004; 43(3): 386-92.

Newton S, Hunter S. What type of valve replacement should be used in patients with endocarditis? Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 2010; 11(6): 784-8.

Kim DH, Kang DH, Lee MZ, Yun SC, Kim YJ, Song JM, et al. Impact of early surgery on embolic events in patients with infective endocarditis. Circulation. 2010; 122 (11 Suppl): S17-22.

Olaison L, Hogevik H, Myken P, Oden A, Alestig K. Early surgery in infective endocarditis. QJM. 1996; 89(4): 267-78.

Kang D-H, Kim Y-J, Kim S-H, Sun BJ, Kim D-H, Yun S-C, et al. Early Surgery versus Conventional Treatment for Infective Endocarditis. New England Journal of Medicine. 2012; 366(26): 2466-73.

Tleyjeh IM, Ghomrawi HM, Steckelberg JM, Hoskin TL, Mirzoyev Z, Anavekar NS, et al. The impact of valve surgery on 6-month mortality in left-sided infective endocarditis. Circulation. 2007; 115(13): 1721-8.

Li JS, Sexton DJ, Mick N, Nettles R, Fowler VG, Jr., Ryan T, et al. Proposed modifications to the Duke criteria for the diagnosis of infective endocarditis. Clin Infect Dis. 2000; 30(4): 633-8.