การป้องกันภาวะติดเชื้อจากหัตถการในระบบทางเดินอาหาร

Morrisdy JF, Reichelderfer M. Gastrointestinal endoscopy. N Engl J Med 1991; 325: 1142-9.

Kimmey MB, Burnett DA, Carr-Locke DL, Dimarino AJ, Jensen DM, Katon R, et al. Transmission of Infection by Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc 1993; 36: 885-8.

Botomann V, Surazicz C. Bacteremia with gastrointestinal endoscopic procedure. Gastrointest Endosc 1986: 32: 342-6.

Shull HJ, Greene BM, Allen SD, Dunn GD, Scheker S. Bacteremia with Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. Ann Internal Med 1983; 121: 212-4.

Shorvon PJ, Eykyn SJ, Cotton PB. Gastrointestinal in strumentation, bacteremia and endocarditis. Gut 1983; 24: 1078-93.

Rumfeld W, Wallace G, Scott BB. Bacterial endocarditis after endoscopy. (letter) Lancet 1980; 2: 1083.

Cohen LB, Korsten MA, Scherl EJ, Velez ME, Fisse RD, Arons EJ, et al. Bacteremia after endoscopic injection sclerosis. Gastrointest Endosc 1983; 29: 198-200.

Snady H, Korsten MA, Waye JD. The relationship of bacteremia to the length of the injection needle in endoscopic variceal scleratherapy (abstract). Gastrointest Endosc 1984; 30: 136.

Ho H, Zuckerman MJ, Wassem C. A Prospective controlled study of the risk of bacteremia in emergency sclerotherapy of esophageal varices. Gastroenterology 1991; 101: 1642-8.

Camara DS, Gruber M, Barde CJ, Montes M, Caruana JA, Chung RS. Transient bacteremia following endoscopic injection sclerotherapy of esophageal varice. Arch Intern Med 1983; 143: 1350-2.

Cohen Fl, Koerner RS, Taub SJ. Solitary brain abscess following endoscopic injection sclerosis of esophageal varices. Gastrointest Endosc 1985; 31: 331-3.

Ritchie MT, Light dale CJ, Boter JF. Bilateral perinephric abscesses: a complication of endoscopic injection. Am J Gastroenterol 1987; 32 670-3.

Tan F, Chow H, Prindiville T, Cornish D, Haulk T, Trudeau W, et al. Bacterial peritonitis following esophageal injection sclerotherapy for variceal hemorrhage. Gastrointest Endosc 1990; 36: 131-3.

Baskin G. Prosthetic endocarditis after endoscopic variceal sclerotherapy: failure at antibiotic prophylaxis. Am J Gastroenterol 1989; 84: 311-2.

Tseng C, Green R, Burke S, Connors PJ, Carr-Locke DL. Bacteremia after endoscopic band ligation of esophageal varices. Gastrointest Endosc 1992; 38: 336-7.

Stephenson PM, Dorrington L, Harris OD, Rao A. Bacteremia Following Oesophageal Dilatation and Oesophago-Gastroscopy. Aust NZ J Med 1997; 7: 32-5.

Yin TP, Dellipiani AW. Bacterial endocarditis after Hurst bougienage in a patient with a benign esophageal stricture. Endoscopy 1983; 15: 27-28.

Le Frock JL, Ellis CA, Turchick JB, Weinstein L. Transient bacteremia associated with sigmoidoscopy. N Engl J Med 1973; 289: 467-9.

Low DE, Shoenut JP, Kennedy JK. Prospective Assessment Risk of Bacteremia with Colonoscopy and Polypectomy. Dig Dis Sci 1987; 32: 1239-43.

Rodriguez W, Levine JS. Enterococcal endocarditis following flexible sigmoidscopy. West J Med 1984; 140: 951-3.

Murray JL. Enterococcal endocarditis after sigmoidoscopy (letter). West J Med 1984; 141: 689-90.

Rigiliano J, Mahapatra R, Barnhill J, Gutierrez J. Enterococcal endocarditis Following sigmoidoscopy and mitral value prolapse. Arch Intern Med 1984; 144: 850-1.

Watanakunakorn C. Streptococcus bovis endocarditis associated with villous adenoma following colonoscopy. Am Heart J 1988; 166: 1115.

Chowdhury MA, Batery R. Complications and outcome at percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in different patient groups. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1996; 11: 835-9.

Greit JM, Ragland JJ, Ochsner MG, Riding R. Fatal necrotizing fasciitis complicating percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy. (Report case). Gastrointest Endosc 1986; 32: 292-4.

Cave DR, Robinson WR, Brotschi EA. Necrotizing fasciitis following percutaneous ensdoscopic gastrostomy. Gastrointest Endosc 1986: 32: 294-6.

Doherty DE, Falke JM, Lefkavitz N. Rogers J, Fromkers J. Pseudomonas aeruginosa sepsis following Retrograde Cholangio Pancreatography (ERCP). Dig Dis Sci 1982; 27: 169-70.

Elson CO, Hattori K, Blackstone MO. Polymicrobial sepsis following endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Gastroenterology 1975; 69: 507-10.

Allen JI, Allen MOC, Olson MM, et al. Pseudomonas Infection of the Biliary System resulting From Use of a Contaminated Endoscope. Gastroenterology 1987; 92: 759-63.

Knardori N, Wong E, Carrasco. Infections Associated with biliary Drainage Procedures in Patients with Cancer. Rev Infect Dis 1991; 13: 587-91.

Motte S, Deviere J, Dumonceau JM, Serruys E, Thys JP, Cremer M. Risk Factors for septicemia following endoscopic biliary stenting. Gastroenterology 1991; 101: 1378-81.

Forck JL, Ellis CA, Klainer AS, Louis W. Transient bacteremia associated with Barium enema. Arch Intern Med 1975; 135: 835-7.

Butt J, Hentges D, Pelican G, Henstorf H, Haag T, Rolfe R, et al. Bacteremia during barium enema study. Am J Roentgenol 1978; 130: 715-8.

Schimmel DH, Hanelin LG, Cohen S, Goldgerg HI. Bacteremia and the barium enema. Am J Roentgenol 1977; 128: 207-8.

Green WH, Moody M, Hartley R. Esophagoscopy as a source of Pseudomonas aeruginosa sepsis in patients with acute leukemia: the need for sterilization of endoscopes. Gastroenterology 1974; 67: 912-4.

Bianco JA, Pepe MS, Higano C, Applebaun FR, McDonald GB, Singer JW. Prevalence of clinically relevant bacteremia after upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in bone marrow transplant recipients. Am J Med 1990; 89: 134-6.

Hanson PJ, Gor D, Clarke JR, Chadwick MV, Nicholson G, Shah N, et al. Contamination of endoscopes used in AIDS patients Lancet 1989; 2: 86-8.

Hanson PJ, Gor D, Jeffreies DJ, Collins JV. Elimination of high titer HIV from fiber optic endoscopes. Gut 1990; 31: 657-9.

Bimie GG, Quigley EM, Clements GB, Fallet EA, Watkinson G. Endoscopic transmission of hepatitis B Virus. Gut 1983; 24: 171-4.

Bond WW, Favero MS, Peterson NJ, Gravelle CR, Ebert JW, Maynard JE. Survival of Hepatitis B Virus after drying and storage for one week. Lancet 1981; 7: 550-1.

Bronowicki JP, Venard V, Botte C, Monhoven N, Gastin I, Chone L, et al. Patient to patient treatment of Hepatitis C Virus during colonoscopy. N Engl J Med 1997; 337; 237-40.

Rey JF. Endoscopic Disinfection; A worldwide problem. J Clin Gastroenterol 1999; 28: 291-7.

Chanzy B, Duc-Bin DL, Rousset B, Morand P, Morel- Baccard C, Marchetti B, et al. Effectiveness of a manual disinfection procedure in eliminating hepatitis C virus from experimentally contaminated endoscopes. Gastrointest Endosc 1999; 50: 147-51.

Graham DY, Alpert LC, Smith L, Yoshimura HH. Iatrogenic Campylobacter pylori infection is a cause of epidemic achlorhydria. Am J Gastroenterol 1988; 83: 947-80.

Langegerg W, Rauws EAJ, Qudbier JH, Tytgat GNJ. Patient-to-patient transmission of campylobacter pylori infection by fiberoptic Gastroduodenoscopy and biopsy. J Infect Dis 1990; 161: 507-11.

WU MS, Wang JT, Yang JC, Wang HH, Sheu JC, Chen DS, et al. Effective reduction of Helicobacter pylori infection after upper gastrointestinal endoscopy by mechnical washing of the endoscope. Hepatogastroenterology 1996; 43: 1660-4.

Akamatsu T, Tabatak, Hironga M, Kaakami H, Uyeda M. Transmission of Helicobacter pylori infection via flexible fiberoptic endoscopy. Am J Infect Control 1996; 24: 346-401.

The American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ASGE). Infection control during gastrointestinal endoscopy. Guidelines for clinical application. Gastorintest Endosc 1988; 34: 34S-40S.

Axon AT. Working Party report to the world congresses Disinfection and endoscopy: Summary and recommendations. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1991; 6: 23-4.

Casemore DP, Blewett DA, Wright SE. Cleaning and disinfection of equipment for gastrointestinal flexible endoscopy interim recommendations of a working party of the British Society of Gastroenterology. Gut 1989; 30: 1156-7.

Quzan D. Risk of transmission of hepatitis C Through endoscopy of the digestive tract. Presse Medicale 1999; 28: 1091-4.

Neison DB, Muscarella LF. Current issues in endoscope reprocessing and infection control during gastrointestinal endoscopy. World J Gastroenterol 2006; 12: 3953-64. [Review]

Shorvon RJ, Eykyn SJ, Cotton PB. Gastrointestinal instrumentation bacteremia and endocarditis. Gut 1983; 24: 1078-93.

Dajani AS, Taubert KA, Wilson W, Bolger AF, Bayer A, Kaye D, et al. Prevention of Bacterial endocarditis. Recommendation by the American Heart Association. JAMA 1997; 227: 1794-801.

Mani V, Cartwright K, Dooley J, Swarbrick E, Fairclough P, Oakley C. Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy: A report by a working party for the British Society of Gastroenterology Endoscopy Committee. Endoscopy 1997; 27: 114-9.

Rey JR, Axon A, Budzynske A, Kruse A, Nowak A. Guidelines of the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (E.S.G.E) Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. Endoscopy 1998; 30: 318-24.

Subhani JM, Kibbler C, Dooley JS. Antibiotic prophylaxis ฝีของต่อมน้ำลายพาโรติดในโรงพยาบาลมหาราชนครราชสีมา for Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1999; 13: 103-6. [Review]

Lorenz R, Herrmann M, Kassem AM, Lehn N, Neuhaus H, Classen M. Microbiological examinations and in-vitro testing of different antibiotics in therapeutic endoscopy of biliary system. Endoscopy 1998; 30: 708-12.

Byl B, Deviere J, Struelens MJ, Roucloux I, DeConinck A, Thys JP, et al. Antibiotic Prophylaxis for infectious complications After therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: A randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Clin Infect Dis 1995; 20: 1236- 40.

Niederau C, Pohlmann U, Lubke H, Thomas L. Prophylactic

antibiotic treatment in therapectic or complicated diagnostic ERCP: results of a randomized controlled clinical study. Gastrointest Endosc 1994; 40: 533-7.

Leung JW, Ling TK, Chan RC, Cheung SW, Lai CW, Sung JJ, et al. Antibiotics, biliary sepsis, and bile duct. Gastrointest endosc 1994; 40: 719-21.

Westphal JF, Brogard JM. Biliary Tract infections A Guide to drug treatment. Drugs 1999; 57: 81-91.

Jain NK, Larson DE, Schroeder KW, Burton DD, Cannon KP, Thompson RL, et al. Antibiotic prophylaxis for percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy, a prospective, randomized Double-Blind Clinical Trial. Ann Intern Med 1987; 107: 824-8.

du Moulin GC, Paterson DG, Hedley-Whyte J, Lisbon A. Aspiration of gastric bacteria in antacid-treated patients, a frequent cases of post-operative colonization of the airway. Lancet 1982; 1: 242-5.

Johanson WG, Pierce AK, Sanford JP. Changing pharyngeal bacterial flora of hospitalized patients. Emergence of gram negative bacilli. N Engl JMed 1969; 281: 1137-40.

นลินี อัศวโภคี, สุเมธ โชคเจริญรัตน์, ประสิทธิ์ อัศวโภคี. การทวีของเชื้อทรงแท่งแกรมลบในคอผู้ป่วยที่รับไว้ในโรงพยาบาล. สารศิริราช 2524; 33: 696-702.