Demographic data and risk factors for pneumonia in children with COVID-19.
Keywords:
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), SARS-CoV2, Pneumonia, Children, Risk factorsAbstract
Background: Children had been globally affected by Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)since the first outbreak in 2019 with a rapidly increasing rate of infection in 2021. Data ofchildren with COVID-19 infection in Thailand was limited.
Purpose: This study aimed to present the demographic data and identify the risk factors ofdeveloping pneumonia in children with COVID-19.
Methods: This retrospective study was conducted using the medical records of childrenaged less than 15 years, who were diagnosed with COVID-19 from May 1, 2021, to August31, 2021.
Results: Four hundred and four children with the median age of 8 years were included inthis study. Symptomatic infection was accounted for in 71% of the participants. Cough wasthe most common presenting symptom (23.3%). Pneumonia was diagnosed in 37.8% of thechildren. Ground-glass opacity and perihilar infiltration were the two most common abnormalradiographic findings (49% and 35%, respectively). Children younger than five years oldwere found to be associated with the development of pneumonia (adjusted odds ratios: 2.17,95% confidence interval: 1.42 - 3.32; p < 0.001).
Conclusion: Substantial numbers of children within this cohort were symptomatic with approximately one-third of children developing pneumonia. Young children especially those younger than 5 years were more likely to develop pneumonia
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