Development of a Model to Enhance Health Literacy in Diabetic Patients with Uncontrolled Blood Sugar Levels in Ban Bo Phawaen Health Promoting Hospital Area, Chiang Mai Province.
Keywords:
ความรอบรู้ด้านสุขภาพ, ผู้ป่วยเบาหวาน, ระดับน้ำตาลในเลือดAbstract
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with uncontrolled blood glucose often experience limited health literacy, leading to suboptimal self-care and poor adherence. This study evaluated knowledge, health care behaviors, medication adherence, and health literacy, and developed
a culturally adapted model to enhance literacy in rural communities. A cross-sectional developmental design was applied among 167 purposively selected T2DM patients with uncontrolled glycemia and five health personnel at Ban Bo Phawan Subdistrict Health Promoting Hospital, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand. Data were collected using a 69-item questionnaire covering five domains and participatory brainstorming with the Appreciation–Influence–Control (A-I-C) technique. Descriptive statistics and content analysis were employed.
Participants demonstrated moderate levels of knowledge ( X̄= 7.23, SD = 1.22), health care behaviors ( X̄= 23.46, SD = 2.55), medication adherence ( X̄= 25.07, SD = 2.45), and diabetes-related health literacy (X̄ = 91.87, SD = 19.08). The developed model emphasized the use of local dialects to support elderly comprehension, engagement of village health volunteers and family members as facilitators, provision of mobile services beyond official hours to reduce access barriers, and the use of indigenous media and experiential learning to enhance participation.
This culturally tailored model provides a practical and context-sensitive framework for strengthening health literacy, promoting effective self-management, and improving glycemic outcomes in patients with T2DM in rural settings. Broader implementation may support health system strategies aimed at reducing diabetes-related complications and inequities.
References
American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee. (2022). 11. Chronic kidney disease and risk management: Standards of medical care in diabetes—2022. Diabetes Care, 45(Suppl. 1), S175–S184. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc22-S011
de Castro, S. H., Brito, G. N. O., & Gomes, M. B. (2014). Health literacy skills in type 2 diabetes mellitus outpatients from a university-affiliated hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome, 6, 126. https://doi.org/10.1186/1758-5996-6-126
กองโรคไม่ติดต่อ, กรมควบคุมโรค, กระทรวงสาธารณสุข. (2566). รายงานประจำปี 2566. กรมควบคุมโรค. เข้าถึงเมื่อ 31 สิงหาคม 2567, จาก https://ddc.moph.go.th
กระทรวงสาธารณสุข. (2566). อัตราการป่วยด้วยโรคเบาหวาน. สำนักงานปลัดกระทรวงสาธารณสุข.
https://hdcservice.moph.go.th/hdc/reports
International Diabetes Federation. (2019). IDF diabetes atlas (9th ed.). International Diabetes Federation. https://diabetesatlas.org/resources/previous-editions/
LeSeure, P., & Thatsaeng, B. (2021). Pilot testing a community-based diabetes health promotion intervention: A study in a rural community in Chiang Mai, Thailand. International Journal of Nursing and Health Sciences, 4(5). https://doi.org/10.35654/ijnhs.v4i5.483
Nguanjairak, R. (2022). Health literacy and behaviors influencing blood sugar level control among type 2 diabetes patients in primary care units, Thailand: A cross-sectional study. F1000Research, 11, 332. https://doi.org/10.12688/F1000RESEARCH.74225.1
Ong-Artborirak, P., Seangpraw, K., Boonyathee, S., Auttama, N., & Winaiprasert, P. (2023). Health literacy, self-efficacy, self-care behaviors, and glycemic control among older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional study in Thai communities. BMC Geriatrics, 23, 297. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-023-04010-0
ตักโพธิ์, ป. (2024). ผลของโปรแกรมการพัฒนาความรอบรู้ด้านสุขภาพผ่านแอปพลิเคชันไลน์ต่อระดับน้ำตาลสะสมในเลือดในผู้ที่เป็นเบาหวานชนิดที่ 2 รายใหม่ [วิทยานิพนธ์ปริญญาโท, จุฬาลงกรณ์มหาวิทยาลัย]. Chula ETD. https://digital.car.chula.ac.th/chulaetd/12822
World Health Organization. (2024, November 14). Diabetes. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/diabetes

Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Health Promotion and Environmental Health Research Health Promotion Centre 8 Udon Thani

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.