Cardiovascular Disease Prevalence and Risk in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients: Insights from a Nationwide Thai Hospital Database (Eng)
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Abstract
Background: Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that can lead to cardiovascular system problems and complications. The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in RA patients in Thailand remains unclear.
Objectives: To determine whether patients with RA are at increased risk for cardiovascular disease and to assess the impact of atherosclerosis risk factors in RA.
Methods: A descriptive study used data from a nationwide In-patient healthcare database in Thailand. RA was identified using ICD-10 codes M05-M06. Cardiovascular diseases were defined as angina pectoris, acute myocardial infarction, subsequent myocardial infarction, certain current complications following acute myocardial infarction, and chronic ischemic heart disease. Atherosclerosis risk factors include diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension (HT), and dyslipidemia (DLD). A total of 4,503 hospitalized RA patients between January 2014 and December 2021 were analyzed.
Results: The mean age of patients was 56 years, and 76% were female. The most prevalent cardiovascular diseases were chronic ischemic heart disease (2.27%) and acute myocardial infarction (0.33%). There was a significant increase in the prevalence of myocardial infarction (MI) in male patients under 65 with HT, DLD, and/or DM (OR 4.19, 95% CI 1.25-14.89), male patients over 65 with HT, DLD, and/or DM (OR 3.04, 95% CI 1.13-8.66), and female patients over 55 with HT, DLD, and/or DM (OR 2.85, 95% CI 1.67-5.02). However, no significant increase was found in female patients under 55 with HT, DLD, and/or DM (OR 3.14, 95% CI 0.72-13.77) compared to those with no risk factors.
Conclusions: Cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis-related comorbidities are common among patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The presence of hypertension, dyslipidemia, and/or diabetes mellitus significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular disease in most subgroups, except in females under 55 years of age.
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