Etiologies and Predictors of Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding at Pakchong Nana Hospital

Abstract

Introduction: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding is a common problem in a gasstrointestinal system. It is an important emergency that needs immediate management. The causes and predicting factors of upper gastrointestinal bleeding at Pakchong Nana Hospital has never been previously studied so this research was performed. Patients and Methods: This retrospective descriptive research is aimed to study the causes and predicting factors of upper gastrointestinal bleeding of patients at Pakchong Nana Hospital during October 2014-September 2017. All patients had hematemesis with black tarry stool and underwent the upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation and multi-logistic regression analysis. Results: There were 179 with upper gastrointestinal bleeding, majority were older than 60 years. The ratio of male to female was 2.3:1. Of all, 140 were resulted from non-variceal bleeding (78.2%) and among them the most common cause was gastric ulcer (94 patients, 52.5%). The variceal bleeding was found in 39 patients (21.8%). The common sites of peptic ulcer consisted of the gastric antrum in 74 patients (66.1%) and gastric pylorus in 12 patients (10.7%). Factors significantly relating to the upper gastrointestinal bleeding included the alcohol drinking and smoking, the hematocrit less than 30%, receiving NSAIDs, hematemesis, fatigue, and abdominal pain with p values of 0.03, 0.00, 0.00, 0.02, 0.00, 0.02 and 0.03, respectively. Conclusion: If the relating factors could be controlled or diminished, the occurrence of upper gastrointestinal bleeding should be decreased or even prevented.