การศึกษาโรคติดเชื้อเฉียบพลันระบบหายใจในเด็ก ในโรงพยาบาลมหาราชนครราชสีมา : การดื้อยาของเชื้อ S. Pneumoniae และ H. Influenzae Acute respiratory tract infection in children : Antimicrobial Resistance of S. Pneumoniae and H. Influezae

Abstract

A prospective study of Pediatric out - patients was performed between February 1993 and January 1994 in children under 5 years old in Maharat Nakhon Ratchasima Hospital. They presented with cough and dyspnea. The objectives of the study was to determine isolation rates and resistance pattern of S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae from nasopharyngeal secretion of children with acute respiratory tract infections. Three main antibiotics including penicillin chloramphenicol and cotrimoxazole were tested. All 300 cases, diagnosed by WHO. Standard Case Management of Acute Respiratory Tract infection in Children were included in this study, found 78 were pneumonia and 222 were non - pneumonia (URI). Among 300 nasopharyngeal specimens, the Isolation rate of S. pneumoniae and H.influenzae was 46.7%. Including mixed organisms, S.pneumoniae accounted for 35.3% and H.influenzae accounted for 27%. Among 72 H. influenzae strains, H.infuenzae type b accounted for 2.78%, Beta - lactamase producing strains accounted for 18.1%.

          From 90 S. pneumoniae strains, 2.2% were found to be completely resistant to penicilin, 0% to chloramphenicol, 13.3% to co - trimoxazole and 72 H. influenzae strains, 18.1% were found to be completely resistant to ampicillin, 12.5% to chloramphenicol, 8.3% to co - trimoxazole by MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) method.