The Strategic Role of Community Nurses in Promoting Health Literacy for the Prevention and Early Detection of Diabetic Retinopathy in Diabetic Patients

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a major public health concern, particularly in developing countries. One of the significant complications, diabetic retinopathy, leads to vision impairment resulting from inadequate blood glucose control. Although this complication is preventable through regular screening, a considerable proportion of patients remain unaware of its importance and the necessity for ongoing monitoring. This article aims to explore the role of community nurses in enhancing health literacy to facilitate the early detection and monitoring of diabetic retinopathy, particularly in the non-proliferative phase, which precedes more severe complications. Early monitoring at this stage is crucial in preventing the progression of the condition to more advanced stages that could lead to irreversible vision loss. The article examines health literacy across three levels: basic health literacy, interactive health literacy, and critical health literacy.

Community nurses play a pivotal role in enabling patients to access, comprehend, evaluate, and apply health information to make informed decisions regarding their self-care, thereby fostering sustainable behavioral changes. The integration of health literacy strategies within primary healthcare services, with community nurses serving as leaders, will enhance the effectiveness of preventive measures against eye complications, alleviate the burden on healthcare systems, and improve the long-term quality of life for individuals with diabetes.