Phytochemical analysis and antioxidant activities from the methanolic leaves extract of Clausena harmandiana (Pierre) Guillaumin
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Abstract
Clausena harmandiana is mainly found in Southeast Asian, including Thailand. C. harmandiana has been used in Thai traditional medical to treat gastrointestinal tract disease, eye pain, headaches and invigorate health. These activities related to the content of bioactive compounds that obtain in C. harmandiana. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the qualitative and quantitative of phytochemical content using HPLC and GC-MS techniques as well as the total phenolic contents (TPC) and total flavonoid contents (TFC). Antioxidant capacity with DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assays were also studied. The results showed the C. harmandiana leaves methanolic extract found a high level of TPC and TFC with the values are 196.29±3.64 and 129.93±1.92 mg QE/g extract, respectively. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of 12 compounds using HPLC found in the range of 62.49 to 1202.99 µg/g extract and protocatechuic acid was found in the highest content. GC-MS analysis reported a total peak area as 96.17% which is 31 known compounds and 5 unknown compounds. Antioxidant activities of methanol leaves extract showed IC50 values of 490.52±2.62 and 162.00±1.40 µg/mL in DPPH and ABTS assays, which is significantly (P<0.05) lower antioxidant activity than the standard Trolox. In addition, the result of ferric ion reduction by FRAP assay of C. harmandiana methanol leaves extract had a FRAP value of 88.36±4.30 mmole Fe2+/100 g extract which is also lower than Trolox (3005.16±211.88 Fe2+/100 g extract). However, the finding phytochemical contents by HPLC and GC-MS analysis in this study revealed several bioactive compounds that have been reported as an antioxidant agent. Therefore, the methanol leaves extract of C. harmandiana might be a potential source of antioxidant activity and other biological activities.
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