Epidemiology and Factors Associated with Acute respiratory failure or Death in patient with Leptospirosis in Satun Province, 2021

Abstract

Leptospirosis is one of the major public health problems in Satun province. A retrospective cohort study was conducted to identify risk factors associated with acute respiratory failure or death in patient with leptospirosis. The participants were all probable or confirmed leptospirosis cases visiting in 3 hospitals in Satun Province between January 1 to December 31, 2021. This research was an epidemiology and Retrospective cohort study. The medical records were reviewed using the semi-structure questionnaire. There were 42 probable leptospirosis cases and 2 deaths gave the case fatality rate of 4.76%. Four cases with acute respiratory failure or death were identified, male to female ratio of 3:1, the median age was 39.5 year olds (IQR 38-66 year olds), the median duration from the date of onset to the date of hospital visited was 2.5 days and to the date of antibiotic treatment was 3.5 days. The risks factors were aged more than  60 years old (RR= 7.4, 95%CI=1.32-41.46), clinical symptoms with fever with chill (RR= 6.67, 95%CI=1.14-38.83), hemoptysis (RR= 6.67, 95%CI=1.14-38.83), dark tea-colored urine (RR= 13.67, 95%CI=4.59-40.62), bleeding (RR=20.00, 95%CI=5.18-77.21) and Septic shock (RR=20.00, 95%CI=5.18-77.21)and  complications at the first service. Intensive health education about wearing a proper personal protective equipment (PPE) while working and promptly inform the physician if develop an illness should be routinely provided to the population. The health care workers should be awareness about the clinical symptoms for early diagnosis and proper case management.