Case study:Nursing care for diabetic patients with hyperketoacidosis and sepsis

Nursing Care for Diabetic Patients with Hyperketoacidosis and Sepsis: A Case Study

Abstract

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a severe acute complication of diabetes mellitus characterized by hyperglycemia, metabolic acidosis, and ketone accumulation due to insulin deficiency. Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. The coexistence of DKA and sepsis significantly increases the risk of shock, multiple organ failure, and mortality. Effective nursing care is therefore essential to ensure timely intervention and patient safety.This article aims to describe nursing management strategies for patients presenting with DKA complicated by sepsis. Nursing care focuses on comprehensive assessment and close monitoring of vital signs, blood glucose levels, arterial blood gases, serum electrolytes, and infection markers. Appropriate fluid resuscitation, insulin therapy, and early administration of antibiotics according to the treatment plan are critical components of care. Prevention of complications such as septic shock and organ dysfunction, along with multidisciplinary collaboration and patient education, are emphasized.Systematic and timely nursing interventions contribute to metabolic stabilization, infection control, and improved clinical outcomes in patients with DKA and sepsis.